Kapoor V, Rothfus W.E., Grahovac S.Z., Latchaw R.E.
University of Pittsburgh Medical Center
Pittsburgh, PA

Objectives:
Discography is an inherently painful preoperative procedure aimed at identifying pathological disc(s) prior to surgery. We describe a simplified and safe approach to cervical, thoracic and lumbar discography using biplane fluoroscopy with examples of normal and abnormal patterns.

Learning points:
After reviewing this exhibit registrants should:

* Understand the technical aspects of safely performing discography using biplane fluoroscopy,
* Know how to avoid iatrogenic pain and complications related to needle placement at discography, and
* Recognize normal and abnormal appearance of intervertebral discs at discography.